Debugging

There are several tools and techniques that can be used for debugging in Python. Here are some common ones:

1. print() statements: One of the simplest ways to debug Python code is to use print statements to output the value of variables or expressions at various points in the code. This can help identify where a problem is occurring and what values are being processed.

2. Debugger: Python comes with a built-in debugger module called ‘pdb’. It allows developers to step through their code line by line, inspect variables and data structures, and track the execution flow of the program. The ‘pdb’ module can be invoked by importing it and using its functions to set breakpoints, start debugging, and step through the code.

3. IDEs: Integrated Development Environments (IDEs) like PyCharm, VSCode, or Spyder offer powerful debugging features that allow developers to easily set breakpoints, inspect variables, and step through code. These tools also provide additional features like auto-completion, syntax highlighting, and code refactoring.

4. Logging: Another useful technique for debugging Python code is to use logging. The logging module provides a way to track the execution flow of a program and log messages at various levels of severity. By adding logging statements to code, developers can get a better understanding of what is happening at runtime.